(For the pdf version of this document with correct page references download the chapter 2 pdf.)
This chapter has attempted to define what is meant by the Minoan civilisation and culture so that any analysis of its capacity to deal with a natural hazard of the size of the Minoan eruption can be ascertained. This touches upon a number of areas, it is necessary to know when the eruption took place, what was the nature of the society that the eruption was interacting with and how the eruption could effect that society.
It now appears that the relative position in time of when the eruption occurred within Minoan society was the mature LM IA. It has also been shown that the absolute date of the eruption is still a matter of intense debate and is not fixed. The consequence of this is that any wider syntheses looking for evidence of the eruption in Levantine and Egyptian contexts are open to interpretation and question.
The island of Santorini has been demonstrated to be of major influence in the trading system of the region and had links with the major culture areas in the Eastern Mediterranean . The site of Akrotiri appears to have been the dominant settlement in the Cycladic culture and its loss, which was the minimum effect of the eruption, would have had far reaching impacts. These would have been multi-facted and are not always obvious and direct, possibly affecting society on levels such as the influence of elite groups and the religious beliefs of the Minoan culture.
For the Minoan heartland I have illustrated the three main areas which I have identified as being most at risk of disruption from the eruption and have shown how paucity of survival within the record has often meant that these areas have been poorly investigated. I have attempted to illustrate that the impact of the Santorini eruption on these areas may have affected Minoan culture on a number of different levels. The impact may have had both short and long term influences that in themselves are not necessarily catastrophic, and preserved in a discrete horizon, but that these factors could have had a significant influence on Minoan society for a number of years as it entered the LM IB period.
The main conclusion must be that there is no simplistic collapse of the Minoan culture following the eruption and that the majority of sites survive. The final abandonment of a site may follow a gradual wind down of activity with very limited acquisition of the latest artefacts, this may present a problem with the dating of a site. I feel that some of the sites which do not appear to survive from the LM IA to the LM IB may be as a result of either particular collapse in a micro region or a re-entrenchment of an organised society leading to an abandonment of isolated and marginal sites.
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This website is devoted to the eruption of Santorini volcano in the Late Bronze Age and its impact on the cultures and civilisations of the time. The website is owned by Dr. David Sewell.